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对于发展中国家来说,80年代已以危机四起、发展停滞、南北关系紧张、调整艰难等特点载入史册。不少经济学家在回顾发展中国家10年来所走过的艰难路程时,将其称为“失去的10年”。一70年代末80年代初西方国家爆发了战后最严重的经济衰退。为摆脱衰退,它们压低农产品价格,实行高利率政策,采取贸易保护主义等措施,向发展中国家转嫁经济危机。发展中国家随之相继陷入困境,危机四起。1、农矿初级产品价格大幅度下跌的危机。据联合国贸发会议《1986年商品概况》的资料,以1979年—1981年年均价格指数为100,农矿初级产品价格1981年比1980下降15.5%,1982年比1981年下降15.1%,比1980年下降30%以上,是半个世纪以来最低水平。其中,粮
For the developing countries, the 1980s have loaded the history with crises, stagnation in development, tension between the South and North and difficulties in adjustment. Many economists, referring to the difficult journey that developing countries have gone through over the past 10 years, call it “the lost 10 years.” In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the worst post-war economic recession broke out in Western countries. To get rid of the recession, they pushed down the economic crisis in developing countries by pushing down the prices of agricultural products, implementing high interest rate policies and adopting trade protectionism. As a result, developing countries have been in trouble one after another. 1, the sharp drop in the prices of primary agricultural products crisis. According to the 1986 UNCTAD Commodity Profile, the average annual price index for agriculture in 1979-1981 was 100, the prices of agricultural primary products decreased by 15.5% in 1981 compared with 1980 and in 1982 dropped 15.1% over 1981 It dropped by more than 30% in 1980, the lowest level in half a century. Among them, food