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目的了解人群异常血压即高血压、高血压前期和低血压的危险因素及特点,为进一步防治提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,对2019名社区居民测量血压和相关因素调查,调查结果进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果高血压和高血压前期的危险因素相似,共同危险因素为男性、高年龄、肥胖、饮酒等,保护因素为女性、高文化程度、从事行政和科技工作等;年龄对高血压患病作用最大(OR=3.087),肥胖对高血压前期患病作用最大(OR=2.257);低血压危险因素为女性(OR=2.809),保护因素为肥胖。结论多种因素与异常血压有关,高血压的防治可从高血压前期入手,重点控制肥胖和饮酒;低血压防治以年轻消瘦的女性和老年人为主。
Objective To understand the risk factors and characteristics of abnormal blood pressure in the population, that is, hypertension, prehypertension and hypotension, and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 2019 community residents’ blood pressure and related factors, and the results were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The risk factors for hypertension and prehypertension were similar. The common risk factors were male, high age, obesity, alcohol consumption, etc. The protective factors were female, high educational level, administrative and scientific work, etc. The age had the greatest effect on the prevalence of hypertension (OR = 3.087). Obesity had the strongest effect on prehypertension (OR = 2.257). The risk factors for hypotension were female (OR = 2.809) and the protective factor was obesity. Conclusion A variety of factors associated with abnormal blood pressure, prevention and treatment of hypertension can start from prehypertension, with emphasis on obesity and alcohol consumption; prevention and treatment of hypotension in young wives and the elderly dominated.