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目的分析2010—2014年日照市水痘流行病学特征,为进一步控制水痘暴发及流行提供依据。方法对2010—2014年日照市水痘发病情况进行描述流行病学分析,并结合当前有关文献资料提出今后水痘防控的建议。应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果日照市2010—2014年国家疾病预防控制信息系统共报告水痘病例1 932例,每年报告水痘病例数分别为409、526、311、383、303例,发病率分别为14.60/10万、18.78/10万、11.42/10万、13.53/10万、10.65/10万,报告年发病率总体呈下降趋势。发病高峰均在1、5、6、12月。下辖四个区县均有水痘病例报告,水痘病例地区差异较大,主要集中在东港区。各年龄段均有报告病例,其中6~19岁发病率较高。有明确免疫史的251例,占发病总数的12.99%;无免疫史的633例,占32.76%;免疫史不详的1 048例,占54.24%。其中1~6岁和7~14岁病例组中有免疫史的占26.85%和17.89%。儿童水痘疫苗1剂次常规免疫报告接种率分别为88.57%、89.15%、90.65%、88.57%、80.47%。结论水痘发病率已居疫苗可预防传染病之首,应积极开展水痘疫苗2剂次的查漏补种工作,提高疫苗接种率,并做好疫情监测和预警,保护公众健康。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chicken pox from 2010-2014 in Rizhao and provide the basis for further controlling the outbreak and spread of chicken pox. Methods Epidemiological analysis on the incidence of chickenpox in Rizhao City during 2010-2014 was made, and the suggestions of future prevention and control of chickenpox were put forward based on the current literature. Application Descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 1 932 chickenpox cases were reported in the national disease prevention and control information system in Rizhao from 2010 to 2014. The number of chickenpox cases reported in each year was 409,526,311,383 and 303 cases respectively, with the incidence rates of 14.60 / 100,000 and 18.78 / 10 million, 11.42 / 10 million, 13.53 / 10 million, 10.65 / 10 million, the overall incidence of the reporting year showed a downward trend. The peak incidence in 1, 5, 6, December. There are reports of chickenpox cases in all the four districts and counties under the jurisdiction of the county, and there are significant differences in cases of chickenpox, mainly in Donggang District. Reported cases of all ages, of which 6 to 19-year-old high incidence. There were 251 cases with a clear history of immunization, accounting for 12.99% of the total cases; 633 cases without any history of immunization, accounting for 32.76%; and 1 048 cases with unknown history of immunization, accounting for 54.24%. Among them, 26.85% and 17.89% had immunization history in patients aged 1-6 years and 7-14 years. The routine vaccination coverage of children’s chickenpox vaccine was 88.57%, 89.15%, 90.65%, 88.57% and 80.47% respectively. Conclusion The incidence of chickenpox has been the first vaccine to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccine should be actively carried out two doses of varicella vaccine leak detection and seeding work to improve vaccination rates, and epidemiological surveillance and early warning to protect public health.