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目的描述供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁的现状,探讨影响供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁的相关因素及有效的干预方法,为职业人群心理健康管理提供理论依据。方法采用流行病学随访研究的方法,应用一般信息问卷、幸福度量表、社会支持评定量表、焦虑和抑郁量表对北京市、河北省唐山市、张家口市18~60岁职业人群进行了分层整群抽样调查,第一层为地区,第二层为电力公司,第三层为部门。2 782名职业人群随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组采用健康教育、企业支持、个体心理疏导、团体心理指导和小组讨论干预方法进行干预;对照组观察其自然变化。结果 2 782名职业人群中127名员工(4.57%)有焦虑情绪;299名员工(10.75%)有抑郁心境。焦虑标准分与工作时间、住房、朋友、沟通、幸福度总分和抑郁标准分相关。抑郁标准分与体质指数、甘油三酯、幸福度总分、社会支持总分和焦虑标准分相关。干预前干预组和对照组各项得分差异无统计学意义,干预后干预组焦虑标准分、抑郁标准分明显低于干预前的评分(P<0.05)。结论供电职业人群焦虑、抑郁症状评分与其生活质量、幸福度、社会支持等因素有关,干预6个月后其焦虑、抑郁评分与对照组比较明显降低。
Objective To describe the status quo of anxiety and depression in power occupational population and to explore the related factors and effective intervention methods that affect anxiety and depression in power occupational population and to provide theoretical basis for mental health management of occupational population. Methods By means of epidemiological follow-up study, the general information questionnaire, happiness scale, social support rating scale, anxiety and depression scale were used to divide the 18 to 60-year-old occupational population in Beijing, Tangshan City, Hebei Province and Zhangjiakou City Layer cluster sampling survey, the first layer for the region, the second layer for the power company, the third layer for the department. 2 782 occupational groups were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group used health education, enterprise support, individual psychological counseling, group psychology guidance and group discussion intervention methods to intervene; the control group observed its natural changes. Results Of the 2 782 occupational groups, 127 (4.57%) had anxiety; 299 (10.75%) had depression. The anxiety standard is related to working hours, housing, friends, communication, total score of happiness and standard of depression. Depression standard points and body mass index, triglycerides, happiness score, social support scores and anxiety standards related. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, the anxiety standard score and the depression standard score in intervention group were significantly lower than those before intervention (P <0.05). Conclusion The anxiety and depression scores of power occupational population are related to their quality of life, happiness, social support and other factors. After 6 months of intervention, their anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly compared with the control group.