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摘 要：集中学习语法，让学生在短时间内对新语法有个完整、清晰的认识，掌握它的精髓，并能熟练运用，是一直探索的问题。“现在完成进行时”集中学习这一方法可行，并且效果很好。
关键词：现在完成进行时；集中学习；策略
人教版八年级英语（下）第六单元，出现了现在完成进行时。通常一个新语法的出现，教师要让学生通过观察这种语言现象，逐步感知、理解，然后归纳、总结，直至接受。但在配套的基础训练里，现在完成进行时的所有内容都出现了。如果不及时系统地学习，学生几乎无法完成配套练习。这势必给他们造成心理阴影，影响他们对这一语言的学习。但如果在一节课完成这一庞大语法的学习，确实有难度。
现在完成进行时把过去、现在甚至将来联系了起来，学生理解起来有一定的困难。另外，它常和how long，for，since短语和句子连用，但究竟用for还是since，还有一堆讲究。学生能在这么短的时间里，理解并掌握这一语法吗？带着所有的疑问，我准备进行尝试。
首先，我重新学习了这一语法，并将其梳理归纳；然后思考教学方法，力求新颖、有趣、自然、高效。接下来我仔细安排每一个教学步骤。一切准备就绪，我要开讲了：
我通过提问，引出所学内容：
T: Hi，Mary.Do you like sports？
M:Yes.
T: What kind of sports do you like best？
M:I like playing basketball best .
T:When did you start playing basketball？
M: I started playing basketball when I was ten.
T: So you have been playing basketball for three years .Yes？
M:Yes.
然后我又同Rose，John互动，并将句子板书到黑板上：
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years.
首先学生翻译、理解上面的句子：他们从过去开始这种活动，一直延续到现在，并有可能一直延续到将来。我们学过一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。但这种把过去、现在、将来联系起来的现象是什么呢？我引出了新的语法：现在完成进行时。接下来我启发学生归纳它的定义。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在延续，并可能延续到将来。通过观察，学生得出了它的公式：主语＋have（has）been ＋V-ing ＋其他。否定句：主语＋have（has）not been ＋V-ing＋其他。一般疑问句：Have（has）＋主语＋been＋V-ing ＋其他。
然后我启发并指导学生用since改写句子。Mary已经打球三年了，我们是不是可以说，她从三年前就已经开始打球了？Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago .她今年十三岁，我们也可以说，从她十岁开始，就已经开始打球了。Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten .同理，我板书句子到黑板上
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years. →
Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago.
Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years. →
Rose has been swimming since four years ago.
Rose has been swimming since she was nine.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years. →
John has been playing tennis since five years ago.
John has been playing tennis since she was eight.
通过观察学生看出，现在完成进行时常和for, since短语和句子连用。 three years ， four years , five years是一段时间，即时间段；three yearsago， four years ago ，five years ago是时间点；she was ten , she was nine, she was eight是一般过去时的句子。由此，我们得出结论： for 后跟是时间段，since后既可跟时间点又可跟一般过去时的句子。到此，我们对这一语法有了全面的认识。
随堂进行练习检测，效果很好。通过这节课，我明白了一个道理：教师在平时教学中，要敢于尝试，敢于挑战，敢于突破。我们相信，在教师的正确引导、鼓励下，学生的潜能能最大限度地发挥，并会有意想不到的收获。
参考文献：
［1］刘建华.中学英语创新教法［M］.北京：学苑出版社，1999：126-129.
［2］薄冰，何政安.英语语法［M］.北京：开明出版社，2005：236-238.
编辑 马燕萍
关键词：现在完成进行时；集中学习；策略
人教版八年级英语（下）第六单元，出现了现在完成进行时。通常一个新语法的出现，教师要让学生通过观察这种语言现象，逐步感知、理解，然后归纳、总结，直至接受。但在配套的基础训练里，现在完成进行时的所有内容都出现了。如果不及时系统地学习，学生几乎无法完成配套练习。这势必给他们造成心理阴影，影响他们对这一语言的学习。但如果在一节课完成这一庞大语法的学习，确实有难度。
现在完成进行时把过去、现在甚至将来联系了起来，学生理解起来有一定的困难。另外，它常和how long，for，since短语和句子连用，但究竟用for还是since，还有一堆讲究。学生能在这么短的时间里，理解并掌握这一语法吗？带着所有的疑问，我准备进行尝试。
首先，我重新学习了这一语法，并将其梳理归纳；然后思考教学方法，力求新颖、有趣、自然、高效。接下来我仔细安排每一个教学步骤。一切准备就绪，我要开讲了：
我通过提问，引出所学内容：
T: Hi，Mary.Do you like sports？
M:Yes.
T: What kind of sports do you like best？
M:I like playing basketball best .
T:When did you start playing basketball？
M: I started playing basketball when I was ten.
T: So you have been playing basketball for three years .Yes？
M:Yes.
然后我又同Rose，John互动，并将句子板书到黑板上：
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years.
首先学生翻译、理解上面的句子：他们从过去开始这种活动，一直延续到现在，并有可能一直延续到将来。我们学过一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。但这种把过去、现在、将来联系起来的现象是什么呢？我引出了新的语法：现在完成进行时。接下来我启发学生归纳它的定义。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在延续，并可能延续到将来。通过观察，学生得出了它的公式：主语＋have（has）been ＋V-ing ＋其他。否定句：主语＋have（has）not been ＋V-ing＋其他。一般疑问句：Have（has）＋主语＋been＋V-ing ＋其他。
然后我启发并指导学生用since改写句子。Mary已经打球三年了，我们是不是可以说，她从三年前就已经开始打球了？Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago .她今年十三岁，我们也可以说，从她十岁开始，就已经开始打球了。Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten .同理，我板书句子到黑板上
1.Mary has been playing basketball for three years. →
Mary has been playing basketball since three years ago.
Mary has been playing basketball since she was ten.
2.Rose has been swimming for four years. →
Rose has been swimming since four years ago.
Rose has been swimming since she was nine.
3.John has been playing tennis for five years. →
John has been playing tennis since five years ago.
John has been playing tennis since she was eight.
通过观察学生看出，现在完成进行时常和for, since短语和句子连用。 three years ， four years , five years是一段时间，即时间段；three yearsago， four years ago ，five years ago是时间点；she was ten , she was nine, she was eight是一般过去时的句子。由此，我们得出结论： for 后跟是时间段，since后既可跟时间点又可跟一般过去时的句子。到此，我们对这一语法有了全面的认识。
随堂进行练习检测，效果很好。通过这节课，我明白了一个道理：教师在平时教学中，要敢于尝试，敢于挑战，敢于突破。我们相信，在教师的正确引导、鼓励下，学生的潜能能最大限度地发挥，并会有意想不到的收获。
参考文献：
［1］刘建华.中学英语创新教法［M］.北京：学苑出版社，1999：126-129.
［2］薄冰，何政安.英语语法［M］.北京：开明出版社，2005：236-238.
编辑 马燕萍