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铁路车辆滑动轴承的轴瓦滑动面系用耐磨合金衬垫,其成分有铅78.05％,锑14～15％,锡4～5.5％等。在更换轴瓦滑动面合金时,则有熔融,浇铸铅锑合金及抛旋瓦面等工序,因而有铅、锑的蒸气及粉尘逸散于工作环境空气中。铅、锑共存,由于铅的毒性较大,以往对于铅危害的调查研究较为广泛而深入,而对锑危害的报导,则甚逊于铅。长期使用铅锑合金,在重视铅中毒的同时,锑对工人健康的影响亦逐渐引起人们的重视。因此,我们对接触铅锑合金的工人受锑的影响作了初步调查。
The sliding surface of the bearing bush of railway vehicle sliding bearing is made of wear-resistant alloy liner, the composition of which is 78.05% of lead, 14-15% of antimony and 4-5.5% of tin. In the replacement of bearing surface sliding alloy, there are melting, casting lead-antimony alloy and thrower surface and other processes, which lead, antimony vapor and dust to escape in the working environment of the air. The coexistence of lead and antimony, due to the greater toxicity of lead, in the past conducted a more extensive and in-depth investigation of the hazards of lead, while the reports on the hazards of antimony, is even worse than lead. Long-term use of lead-antimony alloy, while attaching importance to lead poisoning, the impact of antimony on workers’ health has gradually attracted people’s attention. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary investigation of the effects of antimony on workers exposed to lead-antimony alloys.