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不可靠叙述者这一概念源于布思发表于1961年的《小说修辞学》,它一诞生就得到广泛的认可,因此成为文本分析中不可或缺的基本范畴。布思说:“我把按照作品的规范(即隐含作者的规范)说话和行动的叙述者称之为可靠叙述者,反之称为不可靠叙述者。”后期的学者特别是持修辞方法的叙事学家差不多都以这样较为模糊感性的释义使用该概念,如里蒙·凯南就认为不可靠叙述者对故事的艺术处理或其对艺术表现的评论使读者有理由感到怀疑。只是到了20世纪的八九十年代认知叙事学的兴起才打破了修辞方法一统天下的局
The concept of unreliable narrator stems from Booth’s novel Rhetoric of Novels published in 1961. It was widely recognized after its birth and has become an indispensable basic category in text analysis. Booth says: “I call the narrator who speaks and acts according to the norm of the work (ie the implied author’s norm) as a reliable narrator, and vice versa as an unreliable narrator.” "Later scholars, especially rhetoric Almost all narratologists of the method use the concept in such a more ambiguous sense of interpretation as the one in which Limon Keanem finds it unreliable that the narrator’s artistic treatment of the story or its commentary on the artistic expression makes the reader have reason to be skeptical. It is only by the rise of cognitive narratology in the 1980s and 1990s in the 20th century that the bureaucratic rhetoric of domination