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Synucleins家族是一种主要在神经元内表达的高度可溶性的蛋白家族。已知synucleins家族有3个成员α-synuclein(SNCA),β-synuclein(SNCB)和γ-synuclein(SNCG)。其中SNCA与SNCB参与神经递质释放过程,被认为与神经退行性变疾病密切相关,特别是在阿尔茨海默病与帕金森病中常有异常表达。近年来研究表明,SNCG在人类许多肿瘤中过表达,如乳腺癌、结直肠癌、女性生殖系统肿瘤、前列腺癌、膀胱癌等。通过研究表明γ-Synucleins异常表达机制目前包括DNA甲基化、激动蛋白-1激活、对转录因子SP1结合位点、有丝分裂检验点基因、雌激素受体影响。通过以上机制,SNCG促进上述肿瘤细胞的增殖、抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡以及促进肿瘤细胞的转移。根据文献分析,我们提出SNCG可作为多种肿瘤预后的潜在指标的可能,同时以SNCG为切入点,探讨神经系统是否可以对肿瘤发生、发展的影响作用。
The Synucleins family is a highly soluble protein family that is expressed primarily within neurons. Three members of the synucleins family are known, α-synuclein (SNCA), β-synuclein (SNCB) and γ-synuclein (SNCG). SNCA and SNCB involved in neurotransmitter release process is considered to be closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, especially in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease often abnormal expression. In recent years, studies have shown that SNCG is over-expressed in many human tumors, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, female reproductive system tumors, prostate cancer and bladder cancer. Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of γ-Synucleins currently includes DNA methylation, activation of activin-1, the binding site of transcription factor SP1, the mitotic checkpoint gene and estrogen receptor. Through the above mechanism, SNCG promotes the proliferation of the above tumor cells, inhibits the apoptosis of tumor cells and promotes the metastasis of tumor cells. According to the literature analysis, we propose SNCG can be used as a potential indicator of a variety of tumor prognosis, SNCG as a starting point to explore whether the nervous system can have an impact on tumor development.