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1982年以来,中国农村的单人户性别构成以男性为主体,其所占比例超过60%。单人户的年龄结构,男性以中青年为主,女性则以中老年为主。单人户的婚姻状况,男性以未婚比例最大,女性以丧偶居多。单人户大龄未婚男性与同龄已婚者相比,文盲率、小学以下低受教育程度率明显较高。30岁以上单人户妇女多数有存活子女,但单人户妇女无存活子女的比例大大高于同龄组所有家庭户妇女,并且3个以上存活子女的比例又比所有家庭户妇女低。无存活子女和少存活子女的妇女原来所生活的家庭(夫妇家庭和核心家庭)较易向单人户“转型”。当代农村劳动力外出务工增加对特定年龄段单人户的形成起到提升作用。无论年青人,还是年老者,生活在单人户的可能性在增长。中国农村的大龄失婚和老年单人户的社会保障问题需要予以更多关注。
Since 1982, the male-dominated gender composition of single-person households in rural China has accounted for more than 60%. The age structure of single-family households is dominated by middle-aged and young men, while middle-aged and elderly mainly are women. Single-person marital status, the largest proportion of men to unmarried, mostly widowed women. Unmarried single-year-old men and married than their peers, the illiteracy rate, low primary education is significantly higher rates of education. Most single-family-women over 30 years of age have surviving children, but the proportion of single-family women without surviving children is significantly higher than that of all family-size women of the same age group, and the proportion of more than three surviving children is lower than that of all domestic households. The families (couple families and core families) of the surviving and subsistence women are more likely to “transition” to single-family households. The increasing employment of migrant workers in rural areas has played an increasing role in the formation of single-family households in a particular age group. Both young people and elderly people are more likely to live in single-family homes. The issue of the social security of older adults in rural China and that of single-family elderly households needs more attention.