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文字长期处于语言的附庸地位,自身的特点和规律难以得到重视。本文在“字本位”理论的指导下,探究对外汉字教学方法问题,主张根据汉字是否具有理据性分为两类,分别教学。对于理据性较强的文字,可在一定程度上引入古文字材料,以探寻文字演变规律。不仅便于留学生记忆字形字义,分辨字形间的细微差别,规范书写;还能加强其对汉字,乃至汉文化的认知。其他丧失理据性的汉字可采用“正解”与“俗解”相结合方式,增加趣味性,但“俗解”要掌握适度原则。
Long-term text in the vassal position, its own characteristics and laws difficult to be taken seriously. Under the guidance of “character ” theory, this article explores the teaching methods of Chinese characters to foreigners, and advocates that teaching should be divided into two categories based on whether Chinese characters have reason or not. For reasoning texts, the ancient writing materials may be introduced to a certain extent in order to explore the laws of writing evolution. It is not only convenient for foreign students to remember the meanings and meanings of characters, distinguish the slight differences between the shapes, norms and write them, but also enhance their cognition of Chinese characters and even Chinese culture. Other Chinese characters without justification may be used to increase their interest by combining “positive solution” with “popular solution”, but “vulgar solution” should grasp the principle of moderation.