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目的 社鼠是东洋界种,不仅一直被认为是农林业有害动物.而且被怀疑为滇西北鼠疫疫源地的鼠疫、恙虫病和流行性出血热(汉坦病毒)等病原体的储存宿主.为了了解洱海周边地带社鼠体表寄生虫的多样性,我们研究了89只社鼠体表寄生虫的群落组成.方法 选取云南洱海周边的不同地理方位作为野外抽样调查地点,用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小兽并检获其体表寄生虫.体表寄生虫在显微镜下鉴定寄生虫的种类.用染虫率和虫指数反映体表寄生虫的流行和密度状况,用统计分析中的非参数检验(Non.parametric Mann.Whitney U)分析雌雄小兽宿主间寄生虫数量差异.用Spearman相关分析(Spearman correlation analysis)体表寄生虫数量与宿主身体参数的关系.结果 捕获89只社鼠.其中70只社鼠侵染体表寄生虫,总侵染率为79%.采集到体表寄生虫51种,包括31种恙螨、13种革螨、4种蚤及3种吸虱.攸氏无前恙螨为优势恙螨种,占恙螨总数的66.23%;土尔克厉螨为优势革螨种,占革螨总数的38.48%;绒鼠怪蚤为优势蚤种,占蚤总数的42.86%;太平洋甲胁虱为优势吸虱种,占吸虱总数的80.07%.这51种体表寄生虫中,有11种被证明是人类疾病的主要媒介.U检验表明,体表寄生虫、恙螨、吸虱、蚤类和革螨的个体数量和物种数在雌雄宿主体表间的差异无统计学意义.spearman相关分析表明,体表寄生虫、恙螨、吸虱、蚤类和革螨的个体数量与宿主身体参数(体重)之间无相关性.结论 社鼠的体表寄生虫群落结构复杂,物种多样性高,其中有11种曾经报道与人类疾病有关.社鼠主要的体表寄生虫为吸虱、蚤类、革螨和恙螨,社鼠很可能成为鼠疫、流行性出血热和灌丛斑疹伤寒等病原体的贮存宿主.“,”Objective Niviventer confucianus (Milne-Eawards 1871) is the oriental species, not only have been believed to be an important pest for agriculture and forest hut also have been suspected the reservoir of plague, scrub typhus and epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in the wild rodent-type plague focus of northwestern Yunnan province. This study is aimed to understand the diversity of ectoparasites in a population of Niviventer confucianus in the Surrounding areas of Erhai Lake. Ectoparasite communities of 89 Niviventer confucianus were studied. Methods Different oriented areas surrounding the Erhai Lake in Yunnan were selected as investigation spots. Small mammals were randomly captured with baited mouse cages and ectoparasites were collected form the animals. Ectoparasites were identified to species under a microscope. The constituent ratio(C), prevalence (P) and average ectopaxasite abundance (A) were used to determine the prevalence and density of ectoparasites. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test differences in the abundance and richness of ectoparasites between female and male hosts. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ectoparasites and the body parameters of hosts. Results There is very high diversity of ectoparasites of Niviventer confucianus and some species of ectoparasites have been reported associated with human disease. A high proportion (79%) of 70 Niviventer confucianus was found to be infested with ectoparasites. A total of 51 species of ectoparasites, including 31 species of chigger mite, 13 species of mesostigmatid (gamasid) mite, 4 species of flea and 3 species of sucking louse were collected. Walchia ewingi fuller is the most abundant chigger mite species, accounting for 66.23% of all chigger mites. Laelaps turkestanicus lange is the most abundance gamasid mite species, accounting for 38.48% of all gamasid mites. Paradoxopsyllus custodies Jordan was the most abundance of the fleas observed, accounting for 42.86% of all fleas collected. Hoplopleurapacifica was the most abundance of the sucking lice observed, accounting for 80.07% of all sucking lice collected. Within this ectoparasite complex, 11 species have previously been reported to be vectors of human diseases. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests showed the species richness and abundance of total ectoparasites, chigger mites, sucking lice, fleas or gamasid mites had no significant differences between male and female hosts. Spearman correlation analysis showed that abundance and species of total ectoparasite, chigger mite, sucking louse, flea or gamasid mite were not correlated with the body weight of the host. Conclusions The community structure of ectoparasites of Niviventer confucianus is complex, which reflects a high species diversity of ectoparasites on Niviventer confucianus. 11 species have previously been reported to be vectors of human diseases. Sucking lice, fleas, chiggers and gamasid mites are main ectoparasites. Niviventer confucianus would be a natural reservoir for pathogen on plague bacilli, epidemic haemorrhagic fever (korean haemorrhagic fever) viruses, and scrub typhus.