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The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME),which mainly results from the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells,has been characterized as a hallmark of solid tumors and found to be a pivotal factor participating in tumor progression.Recently,due to the increasing understanding of the acidic TME,it has been shown that the acidic TME could be utilized as a multifaceted target during the design of various pH-responsive nanoscale theranostic platforms for the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of cancers.In this article,we will give a focused overview on the latest progress in utilizing this characteristic acidic TME as the target ofnano-theranostics to enable cancer-specific imaging and therapy.The future perspectives in the development of acidic TME-targeting nanomedicine strategies will be discussed afterwards.