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本文阐述了标准化疗产生毒性的机理，并探讨了现有的细胞保护剂减少或预防这些毒性的可能性。理想的细胞保护剂应对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞有不同的选择性，能预防或至少减低正常组织的化疗毒性，对化疗药的抗肿瘤疗效无不良影响，且本身的副作用小。本文所提到的药物无一完全满足这些条件，因此还不能推荐这些药物在抗肿瘤治疗中常规应用。但是已有令人鼓舞的资料表明，氨磷汀对铂类引起的毒性、右雷佐生对蒽环类药物引起的心肌病均有防护作用，应对此进行深入的研究。
This article describes the mechanisms by which standard chemotherapy produces toxicity and discusses the potential of existing cytoprotective agents to reduce or prevent these toxicities. The ideal cytoprotective agent should have different selectivity for tumor cells and normal cells, can prevent or at least reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy in normal tissues, have no adverse effect on the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, and have little side effects themselves. None of the drugs mentioned here fully satisfy these conditions, and therefore it is not yet possible to recommend these drugs for routine use in anti-tumor therapy. However, encouraging data have shown that amifostine has protective effects against platinum-induced toxicity and right retinoic acid-induced anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy, and should be studied in depth.