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文化迁移是指由文化差异而引起的文化干扰与影响,它表现为在跨文化交际中,或在外语教学/学习时,人们无意识/潜意识地用自己的文化体系、准则和价值观来指导自己的言行和思想,并以此为标准来评判他人的言行和思想。英国语言学家Jenny Thomas在1983年发表了《跨文化语用失误(Cross-culture Pragmatic Failure)》一文中,提出了在跨文化交际中因文化迁移而导致的语用失误,并把这种语用失误分为两种:语用一语言失误(Pragmatic Failure),也称为表层文化迁移,指学习者将本族语对某一词语或结构的语用意义套用在外语上造成的失误;社交一语用失误(Social-prag-matic Failure),即深层文化迁移,指由于文化背景不同而导致的语用错误。所以,研究文化迁移无论对跨文化交际,还是对外语教学都具有重要意义。
Cultural transfer refers to cultural interference and influence caused by cultural differences. It manifests that people unconsciously / unconsciously use their own cultural systems, norms and values to guide oneself in intercultural communication or in foreign language teaching / learning Words and deeds and ideas, and use this as a criterion to judge the words and deeds of others. In his article “Cross-culture Pragmatic Failure”, published by British linguist Jenny Thomas in 1983, she put forward the pragmatic failure caused by cultural migration in intercultural communication, There are two types of mistakes: Pragmatic Failure, also known as superficial cultural transfer, refers to mistakes made by learners in applying native language to the pragmatic meaning of a word or structure in a foreign language; A pragmatic failure (Social-prag-matic Failure), that is, the transfer of deep culture, refers to the pragmatic error caused by different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, studying cultural migration is of great significance both for intercultural communication and for foreign language teaching.