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文艺批评标准是为进行文艺批评建立的,因此,只有从文艺批评的主要任务入手,才能找到建立文艺批评标准的直接依据。而文艺批评是为解决传达与接收不相称的矛盾而存在的。换句话说,文艺批评存在的直接依据,就在于它具有沟通作者与接受者的职能,能适应文艺活动开展的需要。沟通,才是文艺批评的本职。所谓沟通,就是把作品中的信息介绍给接受者。而作品中的信息,实质是作者的体验。因此,文艺批评的首要任务,应该是判断作者是否真有体验和作品是否能传达出作者的体验,而不应该是判断作品是否有利于达到某种功利目的。“体验”是什么?谢松龄《天·人·象》认为“体验”无法定义。这里不妨近似地界说为:体验即人对内外宇宙的感觉、感受、理解、联想等一切复杂的心灵活动。人都有体验,但任何人都不能把自己的全部体验准确完整地说出来。体验中的一部分,可以用逻辑语言大
The standard of literary criticism is established for the criticism of literature and art. Therefore, only from the main tasks of literary criticism can we find the direct basis for establishing the literary critique standard. Literary criticism exists to solve the disparity between reception and reception. In other words, the direct basis for the existence of literary criticism is that it has the function of communicating with the author and the recipient, and can meet the needs of cultural activities. Communication is the essence of literary criticism. The so-called communication, is to introduce the information in the works to the recipient. The essence of the information in the works is the author’s experience. Therefore, the primary task of literary criticism should be to determine whether the author really has experience and whether the work can convey the author’s experience, rather than to judge whether the work is conducive to achieving a certain utilitarian purpose. What is “experience”? Xie Songling’s “Heaven, Man and Image” think that “experience” can not be defined. Here may be approximately delineated as: experience that the human universe, inside and outside the feeling, feeling, understanding, associating all the complex spiritual activities. Everyone has an experience, but no one can say exactly what he or she has done. Part of the experience can be large in logical language