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答:食用菌菌种一般分母种、原种和栽培种。母种是直接从子实体(组织或孢子)、菇木(耳木)分离得到的菌种。培养基常采用营养丰富、较易吸收的马铃薯琼脂培养基(又称PDA培养基,其成份:去皮马铃薯200克,葡萄糖20克,琼脂18～20克,水1000毫升)。为了便于保藏、运输和防止杂菌污染,一般采用试管里培养,故又称“试管菌种”。原种是将培养好的母种接种到木屑、麦草等培养基中得到的菌种。一般一支母种可接原种3～5瓶。常用的培养基有木腐菌和草腐菌两种。木腐菌(如银耳、香菇、灵芝等)
A: Edible fungi species denominator, original species and cultivars. Mother species are directly from the fruiting bodies (tissue or spores), mushrooms (ear wood) isolated strains. Medium commonly used nutrient-rich, more easily absorbed potato agar medium (also known as PDA medium, its components: peeled potato 200 grams, 20 grams of glucose, 18-20 grams of agar, water 1000 ml). In order to facilitate the preservation, transportation and prevention of bacterial contamination, generally cultured in vitro, it is also known as “test tube bacteria.” The original species is cultivated good mother inoculated to sawdust, wheat straw and other media obtained species. Generally a mother can take the original 3 to 5 bottles. Commonly used medium wood rot fungi and grass two. Wood rot fungus (such as white fungus, mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, etc.)