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[目的]调查四川省体操运动员的膳食情况,了解体操运动员营养状况,为制定体操运动员的合理膳食提供科学依据。[方法]选取四川省运动技术学院24名(15名男运动员,9名女运动员)四川省优秀体操运动员作为本次研究对象,采用编制食物频率问卷了解运动员的“经常性”膳食摄入量,称重法结合24h食物回顾法了解运动员加餐和零食的摄入情况,分析饮食行为与体重控制之间的关系。[结果]运动员各餐能量分配不合理,早餐能量摄入比尤其低,而运动员的3大营养素摄入量供能百分比中蛋白质偏高,脂肪偏低。男运动员的维生素和微量元素摄入大多数达到推荐标准,而女运动员的维生素和微量元素摄入均未达到推荐标准。男运动员的体脂含量与能量、脂肪和维生素A摄入量呈正相关(r=0.7328,P﹤0.05),女运动员的体脂含量与能量和维生素C摄入量呈正相关(r=0.6847,P﹤0.05)。[结论]体操运动员中普遍存在膳食不平衡的现象,这与膳食对于竞技运动的重要作用相矛盾,这种状况有可能影响训练效果和运动后的恢复,并且最终影响运动能力的提高。
[Objective] To investigate the diet of gymnasts in Sichuan Province, understand the nutritional status of gymnasts and provide a scientific basis for formulating a reasonable diet for gymnasts. [Methods] Twenty-four elite gymnasts in Sichuan Province (15 male athletes and 9 female athletes) were selected as the research objects in this study. The food frequency questionnaire was used to understand the “regular” dietary intake of athletes Quantity, weighing method combined with 24h food review method to understand athletes snack and snack intake, analysis of dietary behavior and weight control relationship. [Result] The athletes ’energy allocation was unreasonable, the energy intake of breakfast was particularly low, while the athletes’ energy intake percentage of the three nutrients was high and their fat was low. Male athletes most of the intake of vitamins and trace elements to meet the recommended standards, while female athletes did not meet the recommended intake of vitamins and trace elements. The body fat content of male athletes was positively correlated with the intake of energy, fat and vitamin A (r = 0.7328, P <0.05). The body fat content of female athletes was positively correlated with energy and vitamin C intake (r = 0.6847, P <0.05). [Conclusion] The prevalence of diet imbalance among gymnasts is contradictory to the important role of diet in competitive sports. This situation may affect the training effect and recovery after exercise, and eventually affect the improvement of exercise capacity.