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本文运用法国学者斯珀伯和英国学者威尔逊的关联理论研究英语言语幽默的产生及其特点。关联理论把交际看作是一种有目的、有意图的人类活动,是一个明示、推理的认知过程。通常,发话者根据不同的交际意图,总是倾向于使用直接、明了的表达方式,以使受话者以最小的认知努力建立双边信息的最佳关联,继而获得最大的语境效果。但发话者为了达到幽默的交际效果,便会打破这一常规,故意在表达形式中引入不相关信息,间离了表达形式与当前会话语境的相关性,给受话者一种瞬间的突兀和不协调感。受话者意识到不相关信息后,在可供选择的语境信息中逐步锁定与当前语境信息最佳相关的话语意图,继而顿悟出突兀感中包含着的幽默信息。
This article uses the relevance theory of French scholar Sporber and British scholar Wilson to study the emergence and characteristics of English language humor. Relevance theory regards communication as a purposeful and intentional human activity and is a cognitive process of expressiveness and reasoning. Usually, the speaker always tends to use direct and explicit expressions according to different communicative intentions, so that the receiver can establish the best correlation of bilateral information with the minimum cognitive effort, and then obtain the greatest contextual effect. However, in order to achieve a humorous communication effect, the speaker will break this convention and intentionally introduce irrelevant information in the expression form, which is related to the current situation of the conversation, and gives the receiver an instant surprise. Incompatibility. After the listener becomes aware of irrelevant information, he gradually locks in the utterance intention that is most relevant to the current context information in the context of the available information, and then realizes the humor information contained in the sudden sensation.