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自1960年代巴赫金在俄罗斯和西方被人们重新发现以来,学界对巴赫金思想的解读,本身就充斥着巴赫金所谓的“异质话语”。在这些性质各异的解读背后,有着极其复杂的文化和意识形态上的诉求,表明巴赫金所留下的思想、理论遗产,绝非一堆仅供人们从事纯学术研究的死的材料。思想成熟时期的巴赫金,已成功实现了由美学研究向文化哲学研究的转变,其最大的理论贡献,在于创立一种新型人文主义。这种人文主义,没有妄自尊大的、个人为中心的所谓主体性。而小说这一体裁的发展过程,恰好见证了主体性的一步步消解。
Since the re-discovery of Bakhtin in Russia and the West in the 1960s, the interpretation of Bakhtin’s thought in the academic field itself is permeated by Bakhtin’s so-called “heterogeneous discourse.” Behind these different interpretations, there are extremely complicated cultural and ideological appeals. This shows that the ideological and theoretical legacy left by Bakhtin is by no means the only dead material for people to study purely in academic fields. Bakhtin in his mature period of ideology has succeeded in transforming the study from aesthetics to cultural philosophy. His biggest theoretical contribution lies in the creation of a new kind of humanism. This kind of humanism has no self-esteem and individual-centered so-called subjectivity. The fiction genre development process, just witness the subjective step by step to resolve.