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目的 探讨老年人扩张型心肌病 (DCM )的临床特征。方法 对 37例住院老年人与 81例非老年DCM患者临床表现、实验室检查及心电图、X线胸片、超声心动图进行对比分析。结果 ①老年DCM患者以胸闷为主要特征 ,而非老年DCM患者则以活动后气促为主要表现 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;②老年与非老年DCM患者血清电解质、肝肾功能比较无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,左心室扩大的程度 ,中、重度心功能不全 ,室性心律失常发生率 ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1)。结论 左室扩大、心功能恶化是室性心律失常的重要原因 ;老年DCM患者较非老年组中、重度心功能不全发生率低 ,恶性心律失常事件发生率低。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the elderly. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiography were compared between 37 hospitalized elderly and 81 non-elderly DCM patients. Results ① The main characteristics of chest pain in elderly patients with DCM, but non-elderly patients with DCM were the main performance after the activity of shortness of breath (P <0.01); ② elder and non-elderly patients with serum electrolytes, liver and kidney function comparison (P> 0.05). The extent of left ventricular enlargement, the incidence of moderate and severe cardiac insufficiency and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05-0.0001). Conclusions Left ventricular enlargement and deterioration of cardiac function are important causes of ventricular arrhythmia. Compared with non-elderly patients, the incidence of severe cardiac dysfunction and the incidence of malignant arrhythmic events are lower in elderly patients with DCM.