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对云南不同稻作区286块水稻主栽品种稻田有害生物种类组成及其发生动态进行了系统调查,并结合文献资料讨论了云南水稻有害生物群落的演化趋势.结果表明:3种稻作区有害生物主要种类、发生动态及其复合为害特点差异显著,粳稻区叶鞘腐败病、白叶枯病、条纹叶枯病、叶蝉类、粘虫类、蛀茎类发生严重,籼粳交错区纹枯病、条纹叶枯病发生严重,籼稻区叶瘟病、纹枯病、稻纵卷叶螟、高于水稻冠层杂草发生严重;而稻曲病、稻飞虱和低于水稻冠层杂草在3种稻作区普遍存在且发生严重.杂草在水稻整个生长季节均有发生且种类较多,其中稗草、慈姑、眼子菜、紫背浮萍等在3种稻作区发生均较严重.粳稻区和籼稻区有害生物复合为害整体水平高于籼粳交错区.就云南水稻有害生物群落的演化而言,稻曲病、纹枯病和稻飞虱在各稻作区发生有进一步加重的趋势,杂草优势种类正在由以一年生杂草为主朝着以多年生恶性杂草为主的方向演化.
The species compositions and their dynamics of rice pests in 286 paddy rice cultivars in different paddy areas of Yunnan Province were systematically investigated and the evolution trend of the rice pest communities in Yunnan was discussed based on the literature.The results showed that: There were significant differences in the main types of organisms, their occurrence dynamics and their compound pests. In the japonica rice area, the sheath rot disease, bacterial blight, stripe leaf blight, leafhopper, armyworm, And stripe leaf blight were serious. Leaf blast, sheath blight and rice leaf roller of indica rice area were more serious than those of rice canopy. Rice false smut, planthopper and weed weed There were widespread and serious occurrence in the three paddy fields.The weeds occurred in the whole growth season of rice and there were more species, of which, barnyard grass, arrowheads, More serious.The overall level of the combined damage of pests in japonica rice and indica rice areas is higher than that in indica-japonica crosses.In terms of the evolution of rice pest communities in Yunnan, the incidence of false smut, sheath blight and planthopper occurred in the paddy areas Further aggravating trend, miscellaneous The dominant species of grass are evolving from annual weeds mainly in the direction of perennial vicious weeds.