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关于[CO2]升高和降水变化等多因子共同作用对植物的影响报道较少,制约着人们对植物对全球气候变化响应的认识和预测。玉米(Zea mays)作为重要的C4植物,受[CO2]和降水影响显著,但鲜有[CO2]升高和降水增加协同作用对其产量及生长发育影响的报道。该研究利用开顶式生长箱模拟[CO2]升高(390(环境)、450和550μmol·mol–1),降水增加量设置为增加自然降水量的15%(以试验地锦州1981–2010年6至8月月平均降水量为基准),从而形成6个处理:C550W+15%、C550W0、C450W+15%、C450W0、C390W+15%和C390W0。试验材料选用玉米品种‘丹玉39’。结果表明:[CO2]升高和降水增加的协同作用在玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量上均达到了显著水平(p<0.05),二因子均起正作用,使籽粒产量和生物产量均升高。籽粒产量在[CO2]390、450和550μmol·mol–1水平下的降水增加处理较自然降水处理分别增加15.94%、9.95%和9.45%,而生物产量分别增加13.06%、8.13%和6.49%。因为籽粒产量的增幅略大于生物产量的增幅,所以促进了经济系数的升高。穗部性状变化显著,其中,穗粒数、穗粒重、穗长和穗粗等性状值均随[CO2]升高而升高,且各[CO2]水平下均表现为降水增加处理>自然降水处理,而瘪粒数相反。但是,[CO2]升高和降水增加的协同作用也促进了轴粗的升高,对玉米产量的增加起着限制作用。二因子协同作用在净光合速率(Pn)和叶面积上达到了极显著水平(p<0.01),而在株高和干物质积累量上达到了显著水平(p<0.05)。二因子协同作用使玉米叶片的Pn升高,植株高度升高,穗位高升高,茎粗增加,叶面积变大,从而促进了干物质积累量的升高,为玉米增产打下了良好的基础。这表明:在未来[CO2]升高条件下,一定程度的降水增加对玉米的产量具有正向促进作用。
There are few reports about the effects of multiple factors such as the increase of [CO2] and precipitation on plants, which restricts the understanding and prediction of plants’ response to global climate change. Maize (Zea mays), as an important C4 plant, is significantly affected by [CO2] and precipitation, but there are few reports on the effect of [CO2] and synergism on its yield and growth. The study used open top boxes to simulate [CO2] elevation (390 (ambient), 450 and 550 μmol · mol-1) and the increase in precipitation was set to increase natural precipitation by 15% (on a pilot basis, Jinzhou 1981-2010 June-August monthly average precipitation), resulting in six treatments: C550W + 15%, C550W0, C450W + 15%, C450W0, C390W + 15% and C390W0. Test material selection corn varieties ’Dan Yu 39’. The results showed that the synergistic effect of [CO2] and precipitation increased significantly (P <0.05) both in grain yield and biomass of maize, both of them played a positive role, which increased the grain yield and biomass . The grain yield increased by 15.94%, 9.95% and 9.45%, while the biomass increased by 13.06%, 8.13% and 6.49% respectively at [CO2] 390,450 and 550μmol · mol-1 levels. Because the increase in grain yield is slightly greater than the increase in biological production, so economic factors have been boosted. The traits of panicle varied significantly with the increase of [CO2] and the increase of trait per spike, panicle weight, panicle length and ear diameter, and the increase of precipitation under each [CO2] level> natural Precipitation, while the number of deflated tablets opposite. However, the synergy of increased [CO2] and increased precipitation also contributed to an increase in coarse shaft, limiting the increase in maize yield. The synergistic effect of two factors reached a significant level (p <0.01) on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf area, but reached a significant level on plant height and dry matter accumulation (p <0.05). The synergistic effect of two factors increased the Pn of maize leaves, increased plant height, increased ear height, increased stem diameter and larger leaf area, thus promoting the increase of dry matter accumulation and laying a good foundation for increasing corn yield . This indicates that a certain degree of increase in precipitation will have a positive effect on the yield of maize in the future [CO2] increase.