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Background:Autologous fat grafting has gained popularity in breast augmentation.Various methods can be used to estimate the volume retention rate.This systematic review aimed to establish whether the type of method used for measuring breast volume is a factor that influences the reported volume retention rate.Methods:Studies were identified using the electronic databases PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Web of Science from inception of the database up to February 2019.Articles describing autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation were selected based on pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The characteristics of the included studies were summarized,and the reported volume retention rate from the studies was compared.A quality assessment of all included articles was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria.Results:A total of 618 articles were identified,of which 12 studies,with a total of 1337 cases,were eligible.The retention rate of injected adipose tissue varied when the method of fat grafting and volume analysis used were both the same,as well as when the method of fat grafting was the same but the method of volumetric evaluation used was different.Conclusions:Currently,the tools available for estimating the volume retention rate come with limitations.In order to objectively evaluate the percentage of graft retention,a standard protocol that applies to the different methods should be established in the future.