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一、美国全国研究与发展经费概况. 美国、苏联、西德、日本、法国和英国等6个国家的研究与发展经费总计约占全世界研究与发展经费总额的85％。在西方各国中,美国目前又超过了西欧资本主义各国的总和。按人口平均计算,1987年美国的研究与发展经费每人平均约为500美元,这是一个相当可观的数字。美国之所以对研究与发展活动投入如此巨大的财力,是有其重要原因的。首先,美国为了与苏联在全球争霸,特别是在军事上与苏联抗衡,必须使那些至关重要的领域保持领先地
I. Overview of National Research and Development Funding in the United States Research and development funding in six countries such as the United States, the Soviet Union, West Germany, Japan, France and the United Kingdom together accounts for about 85% of total research and development funding in the world. Among all Western countries, the United States now surpasses the sum of all the capitalist countries in Western Europe. On a population-by-population basis, the average funding for research and development in the United States in 1987 was about $ 500 per person, which is a considerable figure. There are important reasons why the United States has invested so much in its research and development activities. First of all, in order to compete with the Soviet Union in the world for hegemony, especially in the military, the United States must lead the vital areas