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佳木斯地处三江平原,土壤有机质含量丰富,表层土壤有机质平均含量5.43%.各土类之间有机质含量差异明显,平均含量最高的是泥炭土类,有机质含量48.9%。土壤剖面的不同层有机质含量不同,表层含量最高,下层含量逐渐下降,但不同土壤类型下降曲线不同。粘底土壤由于质地粘紧,透水性差,矿化度低,有机质含量均高于砂底或砾石底土壤。全区七个土类的有机质与全氮呈极显著正相关,相关系数在0.419～0.952之间。从调查分析中证明,随着开垦年限的增加土壤有机质不断下降,以黑土最为明显。在生产实践中,根据不同土壤类型有机质变化规律,采取因土种植,调整作物结构,改革施肥技术,增施有机肥等措施,对发挥土壤增产潜力,保护土壤肥力资源起到了积极作用。
Located in the Sanjiang Plain, Jiamusi is rich in organic matter and the average content of organic matter in the surface soil is 5.43% .The content of organic matter in each soil is obviously different with the highest content being peat soil with organic matter content of 48.9%. Different layers of soil profile have different organic matter content, highest surface layer content and lower layer content, but different soil types have different descending curve. Bottom soil sticky because of the texture, poor water permeability, low salinity, organic matter content higher than the sand or gravel bottom soil. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter and total nitrogen in seven soils in the region, with a correlation coefficient between 0.419 and 0.952. It is proved from the survey and analysis that the black soil is the most obvious with the decreasing of soil organic matter with the increase of reclamation years. In production practice, according to the variation law of organic matter of different soil types, measures of soil planting, adjusting crop structure, reforming fertilization technology and increasing organic fertilizer have played a positive role in exerting potentiality of soil increase and protecting fertility of soil.