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油菜的组织与禾本科的大、小麦比较,显得柔嫩,体内含水量较多,抗寒性不如麦类作物强,常遭受冻害而影响产量。现将油菜冻害的现象、发生原因、防止措施介绍如下。一、冻害现象油菜冻害主要有叶部受冻、拔根和蕾苔受冻三种情况,其中以叶部受冻最为常见。当气温降至零下3～5℃时,油菜叶片细胞间隙和细胞内水分结冰,细胞失水,叶面出现如水烫一样的斑块,然后叶色变黄、变白、干枯。特别是气温突然下降后又骤然上升,叶片组织受到的破坏更为严重。氮肥过多,油莱生长过旺,叶片柔嫩,或移栽过迟的弱苗更易受冻。拔根是由于油菜播种或移栽过迟,加之整地、移栽质量差,水肥不
Rape tissue and Gramineous large, wheat, looks tender, more body water content, cold hardiness than wheat crops, often suffer from frost damage and affect the yield. Rape now freeze the phenomenon of the occurrence of the reasons to prevent the measures described below. First, the frostbite phenomenon Rape frost damage mainly leaf frost, pull the roots and the three cases of cold tingling, of which the most common leaf frost. When the temperature dropped to minus 3 ~ 5 ℃, rape leaves the intercellular space and intracellular water icing, cell dehydration, foliar hot water like plaque, and then the leaves turn yellow, white, dry. In particular, the sudden drop in temperature followed by a sudden increase in damage to leaf tissue was more serious. Too much nitrogen, oil overgrown growth, tender leaves, or transplanted late seedlings more vulnerable to cold. Pull root is due to rapeseed planting or transplanting too late, combined with site preparation, transplanting quality is poor, water and fertilizer is not