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冬季及早春冻害以死穗为主要特征，常造成穗数不足。冻后Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ肥配合施用，对促进新生分蘖的发生，提高成穗率及穗质有显著作用。倒春寒造成的冻害主要以减粒为主要特征，对穗数及粒重影响小。低温过境后Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ配合施用可以提高每穗粒数及粒重。播期越早、群体越大、Ｎ肥过多则冻害越重。适期播种培育壮苗，是减轻冻害损失的最好措施之一。渍害对三麦生理的影响主要是造成根活量降低，根活量降低加速了植株早衰。植株早衰导致粒重下降最多，其次是粒数
Frost damage in winter and early spring to spike as the main feature, often resulting in insufficient spike. The combined application of N, P and K after freezing could significantly promote the emergence of newborn tillers and increase the percentage of panicles and ear quality. Frost damage caused by late spring cold mainly reduce the grain as the main characteristics of the spike number and grain weight little impact. After low temperature transit, N, P and K could increase grain number and grain weight per spike. The earlier the sowing date, the bigger the group, the more N fertilizer is, the heavier the frost damage will be. Sowing seedlings suitable for sowing, is one of the best measures to reduce the loss of frost damage. The effects of waterlogging on the physiology of Sanmai were mainly caused by the decrease of root activity and the decrease of root activity, which accelerated the premature aging of the plant. Premature plant lead to decline in grain weight the most, followed by the number of grains