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[目的]了解某医学院校一年级新生对艾滋病知识态度及性观念情况,为有针对性地进行艾滋病健康教育改革提供科学依据。[方法]采用随机抽样法,在2009级新生中随机抽取16个班的学生,采取匿名形式进行问卷调查。[结果]共发放问卷932份,回收有效问卷892份,有效应答率为96.85%。大一新生对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率为80.34%,男生的知晓率(81.68%)高于女生(79.91%)。大学前生活地是城市、县城、农村的学生知晓率(分别为84.54%、80.96%和79.63%)存在差异,且有中学接受艾滋病教育经历的学生知晓率(80.89%)高于没有该经历的(78.31%)。对于艾滋病三大传播途径的知晓率为94.84%～97.98%,但对于“蚊子叮咬是否会传播艾滋病病毒”的知晓率仅为73.09%。对艾滋病感染者/艾滋病病人持有积极态度的占59.56%,且本科生的积极态度(61.47%)高于专科生的(56.91%),学生大学前生活地不同其态度亦存在差异。45.90%的学生反对婚前性行为,反对大学生发生同居现象的仅占36.77%。[结论]大一新生对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率相对较低,对艾滋病感染者的积极态度尤其低,其性观念较为开放。因此,有必要加强对艾滋病知识态度的宣传教育力度,培养正确的性观念、积极的生活态度。
[Objective] To understand the knowledge, attitudes and attitudes of HIV / AIDS freshmen in the first year of a medical college and to provide a scientific basis for targeted AIDS health education reform. [Methods] Random sampling method was used to randomly select students from 16 classes in freshmen of 2009, and conducted anonymous questionnaire. [Results] A total of 932 questionnaires were distributed and 892 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 96.85%. Freshmen’s awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 80.34%, boys awareness (81.68%) higher than girls (79.91%). There was a difference in students’ prior knowledge (84.54%, 80.96% and 79.63% respectively) in urban, county and rural areas before college life, and 80.89% among students who had experienced HIV / AIDS education in secondary schools (78.31%). The awareness rate of the three major transmission routes of AIDS is 94.84% -97.98%, but the awareness rate of only 73.09% for “whether mosquito bites can transmit HIV / AIDS”. Positive attitude toward HIV / AIDS patients was 59.56%, and the positive attitude of undergraduates (61.47%) was higher than that of junior college students (56.91%). Students’ pre-university life style also differed. 45.90% students oppose premarital sex, and only 36.77% oppose college students’ cohabitation. [Conclusion] The freshmen ’s awareness of HIV / AIDS related knowledge is relatively low, their positive attitudes toward HIV / AIDS are especially low, and their sexual attitudes are relatively open. Therefore, it is necessary to step up publicity and education on HIV / AIDS knowledge and attitudes, cultivate correct sexual attitudes and positive attitude toward life.