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目的分析总结50多年来江苏省疟疾流行特点和防治措施,评价防治效果,探讨适合当前流行特点的防治策略和措施。方法收集1951～2008年江苏省疟疾发病情况、控制措施及防治效果等资料,分析评价不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防治措施实施效果。结果根据因地制宜、分类指导、突出重点的防治原则,在2次大暴发时,采取以控制传染源为主的综合措施;在实现基本消灭阶段,嗜人按蚊地区采取以防蚊灭蚊为主的综合措施,其他地区实施以加强传染源检测和早期治疗为主的综合防治措施;在巩固监测阶段,采取疟疾监测为主的综合措施,包括传染源检测和疫情报告、传染源管理、疫情和蚊情监测、流动人口疟疾管理等。疟疾年发病率由1960年的2 495/万降至2008年的0.09/万,且已连续2年全省以县(市、区)为单位年发病率控制在1/万以下。表明在不同阶段采取的防治措施可行而有效。结论江苏省疟疾流行已得到有效控制,但要达到消除目标,还需进一步提高疟疾病例早期诊断和规范治疗能力;加强健康教育和健康促进;加强流动人口的疟疾监测与管理。
Objective To analyze and summarize the characteristics and control measures of malaria in Jiangsu Province for more than 50 years, evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment, and discuss the control strategies and measures suitable for the current epidemic characteristics. Methods The data of malaria incidence, control measures and control effects in Jiangsu Province from 1951 to 2008 were collected to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of malaria epidemic in different stages and the effect of prevention and treatment measures. Results According to the principle of prevention and control according to local conditions, classified guidance and focused on key points, comprehensive measures were taken to control the source of infection in the two major outbreaks; mosquito-killing and mosquito-killing were mainly adopted in the stage of basically eliminating In other areas, comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on the detection and early treatment of infectious agents were implemented. In the consolidation monitoring phase, malaria surveillance-based comprehensive measures including source detection and epidemic reporting, source management, epidemic and Mosquito monitoring, malaria management in floating population and so on. The annual incidence of malaria dropped from 2 495 per 10,000 in 1960 to 0.09 per 10 000 in 2008 and the annual incidence of malaria in counties (cities and districts) has been controlled below 1 in 10,000 for two consecutive years. This shows that the control measures taken at different stages are feasible and effective. Conclusion The prevalence of malaria in Jiangsu Province has been effectively controlled. However, to achieve the goal of elimination, the ability of early diagnosis and standardization of malaria cases needs to be further improved; health education and health promotion are strengthened; and malaria monitoring and management of floating population is strengthened.