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按 A.E.费尔斯曼的见解,元素在地壳中的原始分布和在地质作用中的行为是由元素本身的性质所决定的。金和汞的原子结构很相似,金的电子排布(4f~(14)5d~(10)6s~1)与汞的电子排布(4f~(14)5d~(10)6s~2)相差不大。因为 d 轨道的电子参与金、汞化学键的形成,故这两种元素同属一类——所谓第三序列的过渡元素。它们的电离势(Au——9.22和19.95电子伏特,Hg——10.43和18.65电子伏特)和离子半径(Au~+——1.37×10~(-10)M,Au~(3+)——0.9×10~(-10)M,Hg~(2+)——1.1×10~(-10)M)也很接近。这样高的电离势决定了这两种元素在自然条件下呈自然状态存在。
According to A.E. Felsmann, the original distribution of elements in the earth’s crust and their geologic behavior are determined by the nature of the element itself. The atomic structure of gold and mercury are very similar. The electronic arrangement of gold (4f ~ (14) 5d ~ (10) 6s ~ 1) and mercury (4f ~ (14) 5d ~ (10) 6s ~ 2) no big difference. Because of the electronic participation of d orbitals and the formation of mercury chemical bonds, these two elements belong to the same category - the so-called transition elements of the third sequence. Their ionization potential (Au - 9.22 and 19.95 electron volts, Hg - 10.43 and 18.65 electron volts) and ion radii (Au ~ + - 1.37 × 10 -10 M, Au 3+ - 0.9 × 10 ~ (-10) M, Hg ~ (2 +) - 1.1 × 10 ~ (-10) M). Such a high ionization potential determines that these two elements exist in a natural state under natural conditions.