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目的分析HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者中隐孢子虫感染情况、感染因素及流行特点,为防治隐孢子虫在AIDS患者中的感染提供依据。方法从河南省上蔡县收集AIDS慢性腹泻患者粪便标本149份,采用甲醛-乙酸乙酰沉淀法对患者粪便标本进行集卵,用改良抗酸染色法进行染色检测隐孢子虫卵囊。同时检测患者血液中CD4+T细胞计数。结果 149例HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者的粪便标本中24例为隐孢子虫阳性,感染率为16.11%。男性与女性患者及各年龄组感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);HIV/AIDS患者处于HIV无症状期、有症状期和HIV/AIDS期的隐孢子虫感染率分别为0(0/7),25.81%(16/62)和9.88%(8/81),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者CD4+T细胞水平在<200cells/μL,201～499cells/μL和>500cells/μL的隐孢子虫感染率分别为22.00%(11/50),13.68%(13/95)和0(0/21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者中存在着隐孢子虫感染,中晚期患者随着病情的进展,特别是随着CD4+T淋巴细胞水平的降低,感染的危险性明显增高。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in patients with chronic diarrhea due to HIV / AIDS, the factors of infection and the epidemiological characteristics of Cryptosporidium in AIDS patients. Methods A total of 149 stool samples from patients with chronic diarrhea of AIDS were collected from Shangcai County of Henan Province. The stool specimens of patients were collected for eggs by formaldehyde - acetic acid precipitation, and the Cryptosporidium oocysts were stained by modified acid - fast staining. At the same time, the blood counts of CD4 + T cells in patients were measured. RESULTS: Of the 149 HIV / AIDS chronic diarrhea patients, 24 were stool samples positive for Cryptosporidium, with an infection rate of 16.11%. There was no significant difference in the infection rates between male and female patients and all age groups (P> 0.05). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV / AIDS patients was asymptomatic, symptomatic and HIV / AIDS were 0 (0/7), 25.81% (16/62) and 9.88% (8/81), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The level of CD4 + T cells was between 200cells / μL and 201-499cells / Cryptosporidium infection rates of μL and> 500cells / μL were 22.00% (11/50), 13.68% (13/95) and 0 (0/21), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Cryptosporidium infection is found in patients with chronic diarrhea due to HIV / AIDS. With the progression of the disease in advanced stage, the risk of infection is obviously increased with the decrease of CD4 + T lymphocyte level.