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本文在对1982年7月洛阳地区洪水考察的基础上,结合有关资料,探讨一下森林在抑洪、抗洪、保持水土方面的作用。 一、抑洪、滞洪。森林的滞洪作用,有两个方面的意义:一是当暴雨强度不太大时,它凭借自身的巨大蓄水能力把降水蓄存起来,抑制水灾的发生。一般认为,森林可以消耗总降雨量的70～80%,其中林冠截留蒸发约为8%,森林植物的生理消耗为23%,林地地被物和土壤蓄存45%。根据日本的资料,一公顷林地涵养水源的能力一年大约为900O吨;西德的研究结果表明,一公顷林地一次可以蓄水500～2000吨;祁连山
Based on the investigation of the flood in Luoyang area in July, 1982, this paper discusses the role of the forest in flood control, flood control and water and soil conservation based on the relevant data. First, flood control, flood retention. The detention effect of the forest has two meanings: First, when the intensity of the storm is not too large, it accumulates the precipitation by virtue of its huge water storage capacity and restrain the flood. Generally believed that the forest can consume 70-80% of the total rainfall, of which the canopy evaporation of about 8%, the physiological consumption of forest plants was 23%, forest land coverings and soil storage 45%. According to the Japanese data, the capacity of one hectare of woodland to conserve water is about 900 tons a year; the results of the West German study show that one hectare of woodland can store 500-2,000 tons of water at a time;