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作为中西文化的开启者——孔子和柏拉图,人们往往相提并论,其中重要原因之一是他们认为孔子提出的“圣王”思想和柏拉图提出的“哲学王”思想,二者旨在使政治道德化,通过道德高尚的圣贤来拯救日渐衰落的世道人心,建立和谐的“大同社会”或“理想国”。但是通过“洞穴比喻”“第三次浪潮”“哲学王”悖论,我们可以看到,柏拉图并不是要在人间建立理想天国,而是在解构政治哲学,因为哲学家在道德上的完满不足以保证其在政治上获得成功。这和孔子的“家国同构”的伦理政治形成鲜明对比。
One of the important reasons why Confucius and Plato, as openers of the Chinese and Western cultures, are parallels is that they think Confucius proposed the idea of “holy king” and Plato’s idea of “philosophical king”, both aimed at To moralize politics and save the worldly people with diminishing morality through the noble morality and establish a harmonious “society” or “ideal state”. However, through the paradox of “cave metaphor ” “third wave ” “philosophical king ”, we can see that Plato is not trying to establish ideal heaven on earth, but deconstructing political philosophy because philosophers Moral integrity is not sufficient to ensure its political success. This is in stark contrast to Confucius’s ethical politics of “home-state unity.”