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本研究选用了来自国外及国内的68份分蘖型谷子进行了表型及遗传多样性分析。表型分析表明,质量性状以绿鞘、白谷黄米、圆锥穗、松散穗码居多,数量性状变异系数除出谷率较小外,其他性状表现了丰富的遗传变异,来自山西的小软谷单株穗重、单株穗粒重、千粒重均为最高,而来自黑龙江的大青谷单株穗粒重、出谷率、千粒重均为最低。遗传多样性分析结果表明,77对引物共检测出202个等位位点,每对引物可检测到1~6个位点不等,平均为2.62个;77对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.0283~0.6974之间,平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.4169,68份材料间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.59~0.96,平均值为0.68。利用软件NTSYSpc 2.10的UPGMA聚类方法对68份谷子分蘖材料进行了聚类,这些材料被划分为4个类群,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ。Ⅰ类群主要来自西北地区谷子分蘖种质,Ⅱ类群主要来自国外谷子分蘖种质,Ⅲ类群包括华北、华东和东北的谷子分蘖种质,Ⅳ类群仅包括一个种质。结合表型鉴定出10份优势谷子分蘖种质。这些结果揭示68份谷子分蘖种质遗传多样性较好,研究结果为挖掘谷子分蘖优良基因及谷子分蘖育种提供理论依据。
In this study, 68 tillering millet from abroad and China were selected for phenotypic and genetic diversity analysis. The phenotypic analysis showed that the quality traits were characterized by green sheath, white grain yellow rice, conical spike, loose spike code, and the quantitative trait variation coefficient was lower than the valley yield. Other traits showed rich genetic variation, The panicle weight per panicle, the panicle weight per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight were the highest while the panicle grain weight, the valley rate and the 1000-grain weight per plant of Daqinggong from Heilongjiang were the lowest. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that 77 alleles were detected 202 alleles, each pair of primers can detect 1 to 6 loci, an average of 2.62; 77 pairs of primer polymorphism information content (PIC ) Ranged from 0.0283 to 0.6974. The average amount of polymorphic information (PIC) was 0.4169. The genetic similarity coefficient of 58 materials varied from 0.59 to 0.96 with an average of 0.68. 68 grain millet tillers were clustered using the UPGMA clustering method of software NTSYSpc 2.10. These materials were divided into four groups, ie, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Group Ⅰ mainly came from the tillering germplasm of millet in Northwest China. Group Ⅱ mainly came from foreign millet tillering germplasm. Group Ⅲ included millet and tiller germplasm in North China, East China and Northeast China. Group Ⅳ only included one germplasm. Ten phenotypic elite tillering germplasms were identified based on phenotypes. These results revealed that the genetic diversity of 68 tillering germplasms was good, and the results provided a theoretical basis for digging elite tillering genes and tillering of millet.