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[目的]研究电子垃圾拆解集散地居民血尿铅、镉、铜的暴露水平和淋巴细胞双微核率的变化及其影响因素。[方法]选择某电子垃圾拆解集散地居民58人为暴露组(男性44人,女性14人),平均年龄为33.0岁;距离集散地50km,且无明显工业污染的农业区人群80人为对照组(男性41名,女性39名),平均年龄为43.7岁。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测血铅、血镉和尿铅、尿镉、尿铜含量,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血清铜含量;胞质阻滞双微核实验测定淋巴细胞双微核率。[结果]暴露组居民血铅和尿铜中位数分别为0.52μmol/L和51.97μmol/mmol肌酐,均高于对照组(P<0.05)。暴露组人群双微核率中位数(4‰)是对照组(1‰)的4倍,年龄是血镉增高的危险因素(OR=1.1,P<0.01);电子垃圾拆解职业暴露史是影响血铅水平及双微核率的危险因素(OR=2.9,P<0.05;OR=6.7,P<0.01)。[结论]电子垃圾拆解地居民血铅、尿铜水平及淋巴细胞双微核率均高于对照区居民。
[Objective] To study the changes of exposure level of lead, cadmium and copper in hematuria and dual micronucleus rate of lymphocytes in e-waste dismantling distribution center and its influencing factors. [Method] A total of 58 residents in the distribution center were selected as the exposure group (44 males and 14 females) with an average age of 33.0 years. Eighty people in the agricultural area with a distance of 50km from the distribution center and without obvious industrial pollution were the control group (male 41, 39 females) with a mean age of 43.7 years. Blood lead, blood cadmium, urine lead, urine cadmium and urinary copper contents were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Copper content in serum was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Double micronucleus test was used to determine the dual micronucleus rate of lymphocytes. [Results] The median levels of lead and urinary copper in the exposed group were 0.52μmol / L and 51.97μmol / mmol creatinine, respectively, higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The median dual micronucleus rate (4 ‰) of the exposed group was 4 times that of the control group (1 ‰), and the age was the risk factor of elevated serum cadmium (OR = 1.1, P <0.01). The occupational exposure to teardrop disassembled Is a risk factor affecting blood lead level and dual micronucleus rate (OR = 2.9, P <0.05; OR = 6.7, P <0.01). [Conclusion] The level of blood lead and urinary copper and the rate of lymphocyte micronucleus in residents dismantling e-waste are higher than those in the control area.