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许多传染病在5～9岁儿童中十分常见,因该年龄组的易感儿童开始在学校中大量聚集,从而使各种传染因子传入,导致广泛传播。入托给儿童之间的接触以及儿童与对之易感的各种传染因子的接触提供了较早的机会。这种提早接触的结果可能改变疾病的发病率模式,使幼儿感染更为常见。这种转变可能具有临床和流行病学意义,因为许多传染病(如麻疹和百日咳)在婴幼儿中更为严重。免疫效果除有禁忌证者外,所有儿童应接种疫苗预防以下7种疾病:白喉、麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎、风疹和破伤风
Many infectious diseases are very common in children aged 5-9 as susceptible children in this age group begin to gather in schools in large quantities, causing a variety of infectious agents to be introduced, resulting in widespread transmission. Exposure to children and exposure of children to various infectious agents susceptible to it provide an earlier opportunity. The result of this early exposure may change the morbidity pattern of the disease, making infection in young children more common. This shift may be clinically and epidemiologically significant as many infectious diseases such as measles and whooping cough are more severe in infants and young children. Immunization In addition to contraindications, all children should be vaccinated against the following seven diseases: diphtheria, measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rubella and tetanus