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真菌是一种异养的低等生物,按其菌丝体特征和有性生殖的方式,可分为藻状菌纲(Phycomycetes)、子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、担子菌纲(Basidiom-ycetes)和半子菌纲(Deuteromycetes)等四纲,近年来所发现的抗癌真菌如云芝、茯苓、猴菇、香菇、猪苓等绝大多数属于担子菌纲。国外从五十年代开始研究真菌的抗肿瘤作用,至六十年代,方引起人们的注意。药用真菌猪苓、荟芝、香菇、冬菇、竹菌、猴菇、茯苓等提取物对小鼠 S_(180)的抑制率为40—96%,实验发现担子菌纲中具
Fungi are heterotrophic lower organisms that can be classified into Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiom-ycetes according to their mycelium characteristics and sexual reproduction. The four classes such as Deuteromycetes, the vast majority of anti-cancer fungi found in recent years, such as Yunzhi, Chinese wolfberry, monkey mushroom, shiitake, and swine fever belong to Basidiomycetes. Since the fifties of the world, the anti-tumor effects of fungi have been studied. In the 1960s, they attracted attention. The inhibitory rate of S_180 (180) in mice was determined by the use of medicinal fungi such as B. sinensis, Huizhi, Shiitake, Mushroom, bamboo, mushroom, and wolfberry extracts.