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代表制形成于中世纪中后期的欧洲,曾长期是君主制统治的辅助性机制。它随着殖民运动扩展到美洲,并在美国革命时期率先发生根本性的转变,成为现代民主的核心机制。就代表制的实践而言,美国革命时期始终存在两条路径的博弈。一条路径侧重人民借助代表制来参与和控制政府,或使政府直接依附于人民,以最直接地回应民意,最好地维护人民的权利;另一条路径则强调利用代表制来排斥或抑制人民
Representation was formed in Europe in the middle and late Middle Ages, and has long been a supporting mechanism of monarchy. As it expanded to the Americas with the colonial movement, it took the lead in radical changes during the American Revolution and became the core mechanism of modern democracy. In the practice of representation, there are always two paths to the game during the American Revolution. One path focuses on the participation and control of the government by the system of representation by the people, or the direct attachment of the government to the people, the most direct response to public opinions and the best protection of people’s rights. The other path emphasizes the use of representation to exclude or suppress people