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目的了解小剂量职业照射对放射诊疗人员健康的影响。方法按卫生部《职业健康监护管理办法》规定的检查项目,采用临床和实验室检查的方法对玉林市医疗机构的445名放射诊疗人员进行职业健康检查,并对1997年以来该市放射诊疗人员职业健康检查资料进行对照分析。结果2007年内科、皮肤科、眼科异常率分别为2.7%、0.4%和0.9%,较往年的异常率明显降低(P<0.05);微核率均值和异常率高低次序均为介入放射学>核医学>X射线影像诊断>放射治疗;不同工种的微核率与年剂量当量间存在正相关关系(P<0.05);10年工龄组的微核率均值低于20年以上组均值(P<0.05);白细胞、血红蛋白的均值市级、县级明显比乡级低(P<0.05)。结论从事介入诊断治疗和核医学、放射工龄长以及较繁忙需频繁接触射线的放射诊疗人员应是重点监护的对象。
Objective To understand the effects of low-dose occupational exposure on the health of radiation clinicians. Methods According to the examination items prescribed by the Ministry of Health’s “Occupational Health Monitoring and Management Measures”, clinical and laboratory examination methods were used to conduct occupational health examination on 445 radiation medical staff in Yulin Medical Institution. Occupational health examination data were analyzed. Results The rates of internal medicine, dermatology and ophthalmology in 2007 were 2.7%, 0.4% and 0.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in previous years (P <0.05). The order of micronucleus rate and abnormality rate were interventional radiology> Nuclear medicine> X-ray imaging diagnosis> Radiation therapy. There was a positive correlation between micronucleus rate and annual dose equivalence in different types of work (P <0.05). The average micronucleus rate in 10-year age group was lower than that in 20-year group <0.05). The mean of white blood cells and hemoglobin was lower than that of the township (P <0.05). Conclusion Radiographers engaged in diagnostic and therapeutic and nuclear medicine, long working radiological age and frequent contact with radiation on busy lines should be the target of intensive care.