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目的了解3月龄内婴儿喂养行为,分析其与婴儿生长发育的关系。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在北京等7地依托当地妇幼保健院抽取3月龄内的婴儿及其母亲各500例进行调查,自拟调查问卷获得调查对象人口学特征及婴儿喂养行为,当地儿保医生测量获得婴儿体格发育资料。结果婴儿早期喂养行为评分中位数为5分,低得分组占25.4%,中得分组占35.0%,高得分组占39.6%。婴儿出生1 h内早吸吮率为53.4%,哺喂初乳率为95.7%,奶瓶喂养率为57.5%。母亲文化程度高、非早产、自然分娩的婴儿喂养行为得分较高(P<0.05)。分析发现喂非母乳奶的婴儿发生体重不足的风险更高(OR=2.733,95%CI:1.346~5.551),采用奶瓶喂养的婴儿超重肥胖的可能性更低(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.143~0.768),有除母乳外的其他液体食物喂养(OR=0.538,95%CI:0.302~0.959)、奶瓶喂养(OR=0.492,95%CI:0.275~0.882)的婴儿发生超重的可能性更低。结论婴儿早期喂养行为得分较低者较多,母亲文化程度低、剖宫产、早产可能是婴儿喂养行为的危险因素,喂养非母乳奶更易发生体重不足,而采用奶瓶喂养及有除母乳外其他液体摄入的婴儿更不易发生超重肥胖。
Objective To understand the infant feeding behavior in 3 months old and analyze its relationship with infant growth and development. Methods The method of convenient sampling was used to survey 500 infants and their mothers within 3 months of age in Beijing Maternity and Child Health Hospital and so on. The questionnaires were collected to obtain the demographic characteristics and infant feeding behaviors of local males and local infants Health insurance doctors measure the physical development of infants to obtain information. Results The median infant early feeding behavior score was 5 points, the low score group accounted for 25.4%, the middle score group 35.0% and the high score group 39.6%. The rate of early suckling was 53.4% in 1 h after birth, 95.7% in feeding colostrum and 57.5% in feeding bottle. The mothers with high education, non-premature birth and natural childbirth had higher scores in feeding (P <0.05). Infants fed non-breast milk had a higher risk of underweight (OR = 2.733, 95% CI: 1.346-5.551) and were less likely to have overweight and obesity (OR = 0.331, 95% CI: 0.143 ~ 0.768). The incidence of overweight in babies fed with liquid food other than breast milk (OR = 0.538, 95% CI: 0.302-0.95) and bottle feeding (OR = 0.492, 95% CI: 0.275-0.882) Lower. Conclusions Infants have lower scores of early feeding behavior, lower education level of mother, cesarean section and premature delivery may be the risk factors of infant feeding behavior. Feeding non-breast milk is more likely to occur underweight, but bottle feeding and breastfeeding Infants in fluid intake are less prone to overweight and obesity.