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针对华北农牧交错区错季蔬菜生产对水资源消耗的争议,通过试验和调查研究相结合的方法,研究了农业“生产-消费”合作生产背景下区域发展错季蔬菜的耗水效果及其对农民收入、水资源存量的影响。结果表明,错季蔬菜生产田间耗水量为农区粮食作物的31.3%~93.3%,而水资源价值为农区粮食作物的4.2~10.7倍;与区域内粮油作物生产相比,错季蔬菜生产少耗水330~754 m3/hm2,且其水资源价值为粮油作物的4.0~13.9倍。通过实施粮-菜交换的市场农业战略,区域能用0.175~0.196 m3的水交易获得外区域1 m3的水资源,并且实现了研究区用0.93 hm2的菜地解决发展错季蔬菜前需要6.9~13.8 hm2耕地才能解决的粮食问题。调查表明,通过高效地输出水资源,区域农民收入仅蔬菜一项比全国同期农村人均收入高出了23%。故华北农牧交错区发展错季蔬菜生产是节约和扩大本区域的水资源存量,促进农村脱贫致富、自我发展的有效途径。
In view of the controversy over the water consumption caused by the wrong-season vegetable production in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in North China, this paper studied the water consumption effect of the wrong-season vegetable in the regional development under the background of agricultural “production-consumption” cooperative production through the combination of experiment and investigation. And its impact on farmers’ income and water resources stock. The results showed that the water consumption of stagnant vegetables in the field was 31.3% ~ 93.3% of that in rural areas, and the water resource value was 4.2 ~ 10.7 times of that in rural areas. Compared with the crop production of grain and oil in the region, Less water consumption 330 ~ 754 m3 / hm2, and its water resources value of 4.0 ~ 13.9 times for grain and oil crops. Through the implementation of the market-oriented agricultural strategy of food-vegetable exchange, the region can obtain water resources of 1 m3 in the outer area with water trading of 0.175 ~ 0.196 m3, and achieve the goal of using 0.93 hm2 of vegetable fields in the study area to solve the problems of developing 6.9% 13.8 hm2 Cultivated land to solve the food problem. According to the survey, through the efficient export of water resources, the income of farmers in the region is only 23% higher than that of rural residents in the same period of the whole country. Therefore, the development of wrong-season vegetable production in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in North China is an effective way to save and expand the water stock in the region and promote rural poverty alleviation and self-development.