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目的了解学龄儿童铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)膳食水平及其对感染易感性的影响。方法选取1 023名1～6年级学生进行一般情况、膳食摄入和反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)患病情况调查和评价;每年级抽取1个班共262名学生经家长知情同意后采静脉血测定免疫功能指标。结果学龄儿童Zn平均摄入量达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的60%～80%,各年龄段摄入充足的仅占20%～30%,Fe的摄入量达适宜摄入量(AI)的100%～180%,但来源于血红素铁仅占9.9%;儿童免疫指标CD3+细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+和IgA水平均低于参考值,患反复呼吸道感染率为13%;当Zn摄入水平分别达到80%RNI、80%RNI、60%RNI、40%RNI以上时,受其影响的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、IgA、IgM等免疫指标水平分别达到正常值范围;当Fe摄入水平分别达到200%AI、120%AI、160%AI以上时,受其影响的CD3+、IgA和IgM水平分别达到正常值范围。结论 >50%学龄儿童Zn摄入不足,Fe食物来源较差;Zn、Fe摄入水平分别至少≥80%RNI和≥200%AI时,各免疫指标才能维持在正常水平。
Objective To understand the dietary levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in school-age children and their effects on susceptibility to infection. Methods A total of 1 023 students in grades 1 to 6 were enrolled in this study to investigate and evaluate the prevalence of dietary intake and recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI). A total of 262 students from one class each year were enrolled in the study. Immune function index. Results The average intake of Zn in school-aged children reached 60% ~ 80% of the recommended intake (RNI), only 20% ~ 30% of the adequate intake in all age groups, and the intake of Fe reached the appropriate intake ), But it was only 9.9% from heme iron. The percentage of CD3 + cells, CD4 + / CD8 + and IgA in children immunized index were lower than the reference value, and the rate of recurrent respiratory tract infection was 13% The levels of CD4 +, CD4 + / CD8 +, IgA, IgM and other immune indexes were all reached the normal range when the levels reached 80% RNI, 80% RNI, 60% RNI and 40% RNI, respectively. At 200% AI, 120% AI and 160% AI respectively, the levels of CD3 +, IgA and IgM affected by them reached the normal range respectively. Conclusions> 50% of school-age children are deficient in zinc intake and poor in Fe food source. Only when the intake levels of Zn and Fe are at least ≥80% RNI and ≥200% AI, respectively, can the immune indexes be maintained at normal levels.