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目的:探讨老年农民原发性高血压与行为因素的相关性,给农村老年人原发性高血压的预防提供指导。方法:对新乡县洪门乡4个自然村60岁以上老年人的生活状况采用问卷式调查,并测定安静状态下血压水平。结果:调查老年农民203例,其中患原发性高血压者123例,患病率60.6%。肥胖、吸烟、大量饮酒和经常感觉烦躁的老年农民原发性高血压发生几率犤分别为52.8%(65/123),46.9%(58/123),39.8%(49/123),44.7%(55/123)犦高于非高血压者犤(30.0%(24/80),26.7%(21/80),23.8%(19/80),25.0%(20/80)(χ2=7.098,P<0.01;χ2=5.793,3.871,5.328,P<0.05)。而坚持锻炼、有业余爱好和充足的睡眠老年农民高血压的发生率较低(χ2=52.873,6.385,12.0,P<0.01)。结论:控制体质量、进行适量体力活动、不吸烟、少量或不饮酒、适当参加社会活动和增加睡眠时间可作为预防或控制原发性高血压有效措施。
Objective: To investigate the correlation between essential hypertension and behavioral factors in elderly peasants and provide guidance for the prevention of essential hypertension in rural elderly. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the living conditions of the elderly over 60 in 4 villages in Hongmen Township, Xinxiang County, and the blood pressure level was measured at rest. Results: A total of 203 elderly peasants were surveyed, of whom 123 had primary hypertension with a prevalence of 60.6%. The prevalence rates of essential hypertension in obese, smoking, heavy-drinking and regular-aged peasants were 52.8% (65/123), 46.9% (58/123), 39.8% (49/123) and 44.7% (30.0% (24/80), 26.7% (21/80), 23.8% (19/80), 25.0% (20/80) (χ2 = 7.098, P <0.01; χ2 = 5.793,3.871,5.328, P <0.05), while the incidence of hypertension in older peasants who insisted on exercising, having hobbies and adequate sleep was lower (χ2 = 52.873,6.385,12.0, P <0.01). Conclusions: Controlling body mass, moderate physical activity, no smoking, little or no drinking, proper participation in social activities and increased sleep time can be used as effective measures to prevent or control essential hypertension.