古巴的卫生事业概况

• 作 者: 王松
• 出 处: 国外医学(医院管理分册)
• 发表日期: 1986年01期
• 关键词: 婴儿死亡率 医学院校 床位数 饥饿 医疗保健 流行病 一千 营养不良 八百 实习医生

古巴自1960年独立以来卫生事业取得了很大成就。解放前,全国六百多万人口中,有十万人患结核,农村中百分之九十五的儿童有寄生虫,婴儿死亡率极高,人均寿命极短。人口拥有的床位数亦极低,每次流行病流行都有成千上万的儿童死亡。那时方圆几十公里都没有医生,所以农村许多人不是死于饥饿和营养不良,而是死于无任何医疗保健。医学院校少而且条件差,每位教授平均给八百到一千名学生上课,学生在校时努力学习,而毕业后却找不到工作。

Since the independence of Cuba in 1960, great achievements have been made in the health sector. Before the liberation, of the more than 6 million people in the country, 100,000 people had tuberculosis. In rural areas, 95 per cent of children had parasites. The infant mortality rate was extremely high and the life expectancy per capita was extremely short. The number of beds owned by the population is also extremely low. Thousands of children die each time an epidemic is endemic. At that time, there were no doctors in tens of kilometers, so many people in the countryside did not die from hunger and malnutrition, but they died without any medical care. There are few medical colleges and poor conditions. Each professor gives an average of 800 to 1,000 students in class. Students study hard at school and cannot find a job after graduation.