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民众在自然灾害中作为应急志愿者而在救灾过程中发挥了积极作用,但由于缺乏组织性、有序性和专业性,一定程度上也加重救灾负担,同时也给自身安全增加风险。日本的志愿者救灾活动有比较长的历史,也建立了比较规范的管理体制,国家对社会自发形成的应急志愿者在组织、协调、管理方面具有丰富的经验。结合我国国情和应急志愿者服务现状,借鉴日本应急志愿服务的优秀经验,为完善我国应急志愿者服务提出合理的管理和立法建议。
However, due to the lack of organization, orderliness and professionalism, the public also aggravates the relief burden to a certain extent and at the same time increases the risks to their own safety. Japan’s volunteers have a long history of disaster relief activities and established a relatively standardized management system. The state has extensive experience in organizing, coordinating and managing emergency volunteers formed by society. Combining the actual conditions of China’s national conditions and emergency volunteer services, drawing on the excellent experience of Japan’s emergency volunteer service, we put forward reasonable management and legislative proposals for improving our emergency volunteer service.