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小儿脑性瘫痪简称脑瘫,是指出生前到出生后1个月以内各种原因所致的非进行性脑损伤。是儿童最主要的致残性疾病之一,主要表现在中枢性运动功能障碍及姿势异常。其患病率为2.7‰～5.0‰。据统计:中国现有脑瘫患者500多万人,全球约有1500万人。中国儿童抽样调查发现我国6岁以下儿童中约有脑瘫患儿31万,并且每年还以4.6万的速度递增。男性多于女性,大约在1.13～1.17:1,以0～3岁儿童患病率最高。出生体重越低,患病机率越大;早产儿患病机率高于足月儿,多胎患病率高于单胎。母亲妊娠年龄大于40岁以上者或分娩次数大于5次以上者,患病率有增高趋势。小儿脑瘫是小儿神经与遗传咨询门诊的主要疾病之一,是继小儿麻痹症控制后儿童主要的长期或终身致残性疾病,是现代康复医学的难题之一。1985年以前,国内对脑瘫的认识是不治之症,国外报道为难治之症,以康复训练及手术为主,这些方法极少产生显著效果,致使对脑瘫的治疗处于无特效治疗状态。1988年脑瘫国际学术会议将脑瘫分为八型,痉挛型、手足徐动型、强直型、共济失调型、震颤型、肌张力低下型、混合型、无法分类型。
Pediatric cerebral palsy referred to as cerebral palsy, refers to the prenatal to within 1 month after birth due to various causes of non-progressive brain injury. Is one of the major disabling diseases in children, mainly manifested in central motor dysfunction and postural abnormalities. The prevalence of 2.7 ‰ ~ 5.0 ‰. According to statistics, there are more than 5 million people with cerebral palsy in China and about 15 million people in the world. The Chinese children’s sample survey found that about 310,000 children with cerebral palsy were children under the age of 6 in our country, and the number of children with cerebral palsy increased by 46,000 annually. More men than women, about 1.13 ~ 1.17: 1, to 0 to 3 years old children the highest prevalence. The lower the birth weight, the greater the probability of illness; the prevalence of prematurity is higher than full-term children, the prevalence of multiple births is higher than that of single births. Maternal age over 40 years of age or childbirth more than 5 times the number of times, the prevalence increased. Pediatric cerebral palsy is one of the major diseases of pediatric neurology and genetic counseling clinics. It is one of the major problems of modern rehabilitation medicine after the poliovirus is the major long-term or permanent disabling disease in children. Before 1985, domestic understanding of cerebral palsy is incurable disease, foreign reports of intractable disease, rehabilitation training and surgery based, these methods rarely produce significant results, resulting in the treatment of cerebral palsy in the absence of effective treatment. International Conference on Cerebral Palsy in 1988 will be divided into eight types of cerebral palsy, spastic, athetosis type, tonic type, ataxia type, tremor type, hypotonia, mixed, can not type.