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一、前言考古分期,是考古学最基本的研究之一。所谓分期,是文化发展阶段的划分,目的是揭示文化发展过程中阶段性的特征。对文化发展时间过程中阶段性特征的研究,即分期研究。在史前考古学研究史上,分期是人们最早关注的问题之一。早在1819年,丹麦皇家博物馆馆长汤姆森(Thomsen,1788～1865)依据馆藏古物的分类,提出欧洲史前文化依次发展的三个阶段——即石器时代、青铜器时代和铁器时代“三期说”[1]。以后“三期说”经田野考古发掘中地层关系的证实而为世界考古学所承认,并为世界考古学界所通用。1865年,英国考古学家约翰·卢伯克(John Lubbock 1834～1913)在《史前时代》一书中,依据石器制作方法的演变,进一步把石器时代细分为旧石器时代和新石器时代两个阶段[2]。
I. Introduction Archeological staging is one of the most basic studies of archeology. The so-called stage, the division of cultural development stage, the purpose is to reveal the stage of cultural development characteristics. The study of the stage characteristics in the process of cultural development, that is, staging studies. In the history of prehistoric archeology, staging is one of the first concerns of people. As early as 1819, Thomsen (1788 ~ 1865), the curator of the Royal Danish Museum, put forward three stages of the development of European prehistoric culture successively according to the classification of antiquities: stone age, bronze age and iron age Say “[1]. After the ”three period " by the field archaeological excavations in the confirmation of stratigraphic relationship recognized by the world archeology, and universal for the world archaeological community. In 1865, British archeologist John Lubbock (1834-1913), in his book Prehistoric Era, further subdivided the Stone Age into Paleolithic and Neolithic two A stage [2].