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近年来,新闻专业主义作为解决国内新闻业紧迫的职业道德问题的良方,得到广泛肯定,甚至被贴上“追求真理、服务社会”、“相信进步、理性、普遍的真理或标准”等标签。新闻专业主义的核心是新闻报道的客观真实性,不允许虚构。但是现代语言学显示,语言是一个任意的、武断的内在系统,语言本身并不能达到事实。新闻文本是一个话语的事实,言语交流的各个要素都实际地在其构成中起作用。现代叙事学更发现,在新闻叙事中,情节的编织和悬念等因素构造着记者的写作和受众的接受心理,新闻文本带有难以消抹的文学性。这样,新闻专业主义理论的支点(新闻的客观真实性)就是不牢靠的。作为一种有条件、有具体针对性的诉求,新闻专业主义只能是一个相对性理念,并不能免除对某些语言技术和某些类型文本的偏向,试图以此虚构一种纯粹的客观新闻理想,就可能掩盖另一些真相。因此,新闻专业主义决不能越界而成为普遍真理。
In recent years, news professionalism has been widely affirmed as a recipe for pressing the pressing professional ethics issues in the domestic news industry. It has even been labeled as “pursuing truth and serving the community.” “Believing in truth, progress, reason and universality ”And other labels. The core of news professionalism is the objective truth of news coverage, which does not allow fiction. But modern linguistics shows that language is an arbitrary and arbitrary inner system, and the language itself can not reach the truth. News texts are a fact of discourse, and all the elements of verbal communication actually contribute to their composition. Modern narratology also found that in the news narrative, factors such as the weaving and suspense of the episode constitute the compilation of journalists and the reception psychology of the audience, and the text of the news is hard to eliminate. In this way, the fulcrum of news professionalism theory (the objective truth of news) is not reliable. As a conditional and concretely targeted appeal, journalism can only be regarded as a concept of relativity, which can not be exempted from biasing certain language technologies and certain types of text in an attempt to ficture a purely objective news Ideal, it may cover up some of the other truths. Therefore, journalistic professionalism must not cross the boundary and become universal truth.