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引言损伤力学是一门新兴的力学分支。1958年,Kachanov在研究金属的蠕变和疲劳时,觉察到材料力学性能劣化的渐变过程,第一次提出用连续性变量描述受损材料的力学性能变化过程。后来,Rabotnov引入损伤变量,建立了初步的损伤理论,为损伤力学奠定了基础。新的理论问世,往往不容易引起人们的重视。十多年中,几乎无人问津。七十年代初期,这个概念重新被提出来了。法国学者J.Lem(?)itre用连续介质热力学的观点研究损伤对金属材料的弹性、塑性性质的影响,引
Introduction Damage mechanics is a new branch of mechanics. In 1958, Kachanov was aware of the gradual deterioration of the mechanical properties of metals in the study of metal creep and fatigue. For the first time, continuous variables were used to describe the change of mechanical properties of damaged materials. Later, Rabotnov introduced damage variables and established a preliminary damage theory, which laid the foundation for damage mechanics. The advent of new theories is often not easy to arouse people’s attention. Ten years, almost nobody cares. The concept was reintroduced in the early 1970s. J.Lem (?) Itre, a French scholar, studies the effect of damage on the elastic and plastic properties of metallic materials using the continuum thermodynamics