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【目的】分析普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS·5DL易位染色体对主要农艺性状、品质性状及白粉病抗性的遗传效应,了解T5VS·5DL易位染色体通过雌雄配子的传递情况,筛选便于育种利用的共显性分子标记,进一步明确T5VS·5DL易位系的高代回交品系在育种改良中的利用价值。【方法】分别以扬麦13、扬麦15为轮回亲本的高代T5VS·5DL易位系回交品系(BC4F4)及其分离群体(BC5F2)为材料,利用GISH及5VS特异分子标记对这些材料进行了鉴定;在大棚及大田2种环境下调查了这些材料的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状,并对这些材料的水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、蛋白和籽粒硬度等品质性状进行了分析;还利用白粉菌混合生理小种对这些材料的苗期(二叶期)和成株期(抽穗期)进行了接种鉴定。【结果】含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状与其轮回亲本相比,2种环境下的差异均不显著,表明簇毛麦5VS染色体臂代替普通小麦5DS染色体臂后,对产量性状的补偿性较好,没有显著的不利影响。品质性状的分析结果表明,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的籽粒硬度值(SKCS)均显著低于其轮回亲本,表明簇毛麦Dina/Dinb基因型比普通小麦的Pina/Pinb基因型具有更软质胚乳特性;另外,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的水溶剂保持力与碳酸钠溶剂保持力也显著低于轮回亲本,而蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力及蛋白质含量的差异不显著,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体对弱筋小麦品质指标可能有一定的正向效应。白粉菌混合生理小种接种鉴定的结果表明,在二叶期,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系及其轮回亲本均高感白粉病,但在成株期含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系高抗白粉病,而其轮回亲本仍高感白粉病,表明含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系携带白粉病成株抗性基因。对BC5F2群体单株的白粉病及T5VS·5DL易位染色体鉴定的结果表明,所有含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高抗白粉病,无T5VS·5DL易位染色体的单株均高感白粉病,推测一个显性的白粉病成株抗性基因与T5VS·5DL易位染色体共分离。同时在分离群体中,纯合易位染色体单株数、杂合单株数及无易位染色体单株数之比,经χ2测验符合1﹕2﹕1分离比例,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体在小麦背景中遗传传递正常。通过对5VS特异分子标记的扩增条件及带型分析发现,共显性EST分子标记5EST-237、Pinb-1,扩增条件简单,特异带型易于识别,可以利用这些标记对T5VS·5DL易位染色体进行分子标记辅助选择。【结论】鉴于T5VS·5DL易位系良好的品质及抗病特性,建议在弱筋小麦的育种项目中加以利用。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic effects of the T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome on the main agronomic traits, quality traits and powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), to understand the transmission of T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosomes through male and female gametes, Co-dominant molecular markers to further clarify the use of T5VS · 5DL translocation lines of high-generation backcross strains in breeding improvement. 【Method】 The high-generation T5VS · 5DL translocation line BC4F4 and its segregating population (BC5F2), which were cyclotrophic parents Yangmai13 and Yangmai15 respectively, were used as materials for the analysis of G5 and S5S specific molecular markers The main agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain weight per spike, and 1000-grain weight were investigated in two kinds of environment including green house and field. The water solvent retention, Retention rate, retention of sucrose solvent, retention of lactic acid solvent, protein and grain hardness were also analyzed. The effects of mixed powder of powdery mildew on the seedling stage (two leaf stage) and adult stage ) Were vaccinated. 【Result】 The results showed that there were no significant differences in major agronomic traits between the high generation backcross lines containing T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosomes and their reincarnated parents, such as plant height, spike length, spikelet number, grains per spike, , Which indicated that compensating 5TL chromosome arms instead of 5DS chromosome arms of wheat bunch had good compensability to yield traits and had no significant adverse effects. The analysis of quality traits showed that the kernel hardness (SKCS) of T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome was significantly lower than that of its recurrent parent, indicating that the Dina / Dinb genotype of H. villosa than that of Pina / Pinb The genotypes had softer endosperm characteristics. In addition, the retention of aqueous solvent and the retention of sodium carbonate solvent of high-generation backcross strains containing T5VS · 5DL translocation were also significantly lower than that of recurrent parent, while sucrose solvent retention and lactic acid solvent retention And the difference of protein content was insignificant, indicating that the T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome may have a positive effect on the quality of weak gluten wheat. The results of inoculation identification of mixed race of powdery mildew showed that in the second leaf stage, the high generation backcross lines with T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosomes and their reincarnated parents were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, but contained the T5VS · 5DL translocation Chromosomes with high backcross lines were highly resistant to powdery mildew, while their reincarnated parents were still highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that the high backcross line containing the T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome carries the adult powdery mildew resistance gene. The results of powdery mildew and T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome of BC5F2 population showed that all the individuals with T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome were highly resistant to powdery mildew and none of the individuals with T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome were highly susceptible Powdery mildew, it is speculated that a dominant powdery mildew resistant adult gene was co-segregated with the T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosome. At the same time, in the segregation population, the ratio of chromosome number of homozygous translocations, number of heterozygous plants and number of non-translocating chromosomes per plant was 1: 2: 1 by chi-square test, indicating that T5VS · 5DL translocation chromosomes could be detected in wheat background The normal genetic transmission. According to the amplification conditions and banding analysis of specific molecular markers of 5VS, it is found that the co-dominant EST markers 5EST-237 and Pinb-1 have simple amplification conditions and easy identification of specific bands. These markers can be used to analyze the T5VS · 5DL Chromosomes carry out molecular marker-assisted selection. 【Conclusion】 In view of the good quality and disease resistance of T5VS · 5DL translocation line, we suggest that it be used in the breeding project of weak gluten wheat.